reasons for the adoption of federalism in nigeria pdf

reasons for the adoption of federalism in nigeria pdf

The USA and Canada were formed with the above interest at heart. s" 7 Topics . In examining post-independence constitution-making in Nigeria, this chapter finds that military rule blighted Nigerias capacity to respond appropriately to the challenges of federalism. 3 Reasons for federal system of government in Nigeria 3.1 1. /Font << This post will give you some insight into why federalism was adopted as the system of governance in Nigeria. The Plural nature of Nigeria: Nigeria is a plural society of over 250 tongues and tribes. Historical experience 3.2 2. To learn more, view ourPrivacy Policy. INTERNAL COLONIALISM IN NIGERIA Some of the reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria are the diversity of the nation and the desire for political, cultural and social identity of a people of over 250 ethnic groups, several languages, diversities and a lot of political traditions; the desire for some form of +rohyC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ That is often the reason why some adherents of Marx quarrel vehemently about such preordained classification such as: haves and have-nots; and the liberal minds grappling with, insisting not only that all hands are not equal, but that they must never, for whatsoever reason at all, be made equal - believing that that would tantamount to the highest injustice. Unfortunately, to suit their interests and political agenda, the federal and state governments over time immemorial have maintained great level of . Your email address will not be published. Federalism And Intergovernmental Relations In Nigeria. sir Arthur Richards strengthened this proposal in 1945 and regionalism was introduced by his administration in 1946. Also, there was a demand for more local regions by all these ethnic interest groups which was what led to the creation of new states. History of federal system of government in nigeria. SjHw`d"*z;3N&W3k]:}N\t+5 (Nw3hW"T"aDV$V e. This has nexus with the particular sharing formula adopted. /F2 9 0 R 33 The Marriage Act, Laws of the Federation of Nigeria, 1990, sec 18 specifically stipulates: "If either party to an intended marriage, not being a Consent widower or widow, is under twenty-one years of age, the written consent of the father, or if he be dead or of unsound mind or absent from Nigeria, of the mother, or if both be dead or of unsound mind or absent from Nigeria, of the . By the time Nigeria got her independence, the various party involved had been regionally based. As a result of this, it has brought about the cry of the minorities clamoring for their own state. Resource control: 3.7 7. More so, the colonial masters with the Richards Constitution in 1947 launched Nigeria onto the path of the present federal system of government via the regionalization of the country. Besides the Big Three - Igbo, Hausa and Yoruba, there are other macro and micro ethnic minorities in the country. Samuel is bent on changing the legal profession by building Web and Mobile Apps that will make legal research a lot easier. or this it really helped me, Your email address will not be published. So for effective governance of a country of this big size, federalism has to be adopted. From the onset, Nigeria, like most of her federating peers, has faced one major challenge in the course of her political voyage - the crisis of who is who. Ordinarily and without much logicality, by who is who, one means the problematic and destructive component of identity. This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply. Section 10 of the constitution rule outs the adoption of any religion as a state religion either. To know more about various aspects of federalism in Nigeria ,you may read from . 19 more states were created in 1976 in order to score more political advantage by the Murtala-Obasanjo regime against those that favor General Yakubu Gowon. Keywords: Federalism, Nigeria, ethnic groups, federal character principle . It has been suggested that the creation of more states and local government have helped in the distribution of national cake. In this article, i will comprehensively discuss the reasons for federalism in Nigeria. Do you know the reasons for federalism in Nigeria? Despite the profound and lengthy discussions that have taken place on the subject for about four and half decades, consensus has not been reached concerning the optimal formula to adopt to achieve desired economic development . This was one of the major reasons for the creation of the newer and smaller states after the independence. Also see: Reasons why lawyers wear wigs to court, Origin and nature of federalism in Nigeria. Population of the country Keep it up , Yes , I love it and I was sentitize on those reasons. Levoluzione del federalismo nigeriano tra conflitti etnici e transizioni democratiche. (Tanzi, 1996). The states' territories were formed around ethnic groups with common interest and close ties, culture, and dialects. In a Unitary system, the minority states cannot govern the entire region which is controlled by majority. The governmental powers are shared between the federal government and the thirty-six state governments. Federalism as said earlier decentralizes power. Take for example, in the Nigerian case of Attorney General of Federation v Attorney General of Abia and others (2002) 3 NCLR 1ar p 54, the issue of resource control in a true federalism was the bone of contention in that matter. But besides these three major tribes, there are over 350 other smaller tribes with diverse languages and dialects. It needs proper review so that the country can move forward as a nation. Why do nations federate?, what are the factors or conditions to have necessitated the adoption of federalism?, how is a federation to be organized?, how is power to be shared between the levels of government in a federation?, is federalism a means to an end or an end itself?, why do some federations succeed and others fail?. 74 . FOR CLIENTS OUTSIDE NIGERIA. This type of government is also known as a "federation" or a "federal state" in common parlance (eg., United States of America). The political parties involved in the first republic were more formed on a regional basis. Many Nigerian ethnic groups began to agitate for their own states. politicization of ethnicity or the ethnicization of the politics of state creation that Nigeria has witnessed in recent years. Federalism in Nigeria refers to the devolution of self-governance by the West African nation of Nigeria to its federated states, who share sovereignty with the Federal Government. %&'()*456789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz Also it is more useful to expansiate on them. The states were later increased to 30 states. Then Nigeria was organised into a federation that had three regions. The second theory focuses on the existence of external military or diplomatic threat for the origin of federalism. Federalism shares power between the central and regional governments; thus promoting efficiency in service delivery and governance. Also, Read: Bad Leadership Causes, Effects And Solutions In Nigeria. Under this type, there exist a balkanization of formerly unitary state near disintegration and its diversities which progress to a state. This paper is a critical exploration of the current challenges bedeviling the Nigerian state, capable of heating up the polity and disintegrating the Nigerian project. Constitutionalism in Nigeria has been crisis-ridden since independence in 1960. In a unitary constitution which opposes federal principles, everything belongs to the central government; the federating unit does not exist, let alone agitating for resource control. The origin of federalism in Nigeria can be traced to the colonial era. There are Benin and Togo in between Ghana and Nigeria, two of the former British African colonies. five reasons for the adoption of federalism in nigeria Another factor that prompted the adoption of federalism in Nigeria is the fear of insecurity and the desire for union. Hon. $4%&'()*56789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz ? Federalism is a method of segregating powers so that the central and local governments are each within a domain, harmonizing and autonomous. Generally speaking, one of the reasons for federalism is common historical or ancestral background. 2012, Issues and Trends in Nigeria's Development. The chief architect of this theory is Riker. The availability of resources in a particular region and the need for that area to control the resources has also been seen as a reason for a federal system in Nigeria. Also see: Historical constitutional development in Nigeria explained. The calls for restructuring have been louder particularly from the southern part of Nigeria. Each document posted on the site includes a link to the corresponding official PDF file on govinfo.gov. First, how to properly place peoples, better still - indigenes and ethnic groupings, in their relevant socio-economic categories; that is, in line with the oil windfalls. Thus, Nigeria's federalism is not only complex but also hard to understand. Nigeria can be said to be operating the federal system of government, whereas in actual practice, the country is tending towards a unitary system. The paper identifies and discusses the problems associated with separatist movements and how they affect national and social security, and argues that while the definition of state failure is contested and therefore Nigeria cannot yet be called a failed state, but certainly a fragile state. Pillars of democracy: 7 Essential pillars of democracy. Be the first to get hottest news from our Editor-in-Chief, Check your email and confirm your subscription. This research work x-rayed federalism in Nigeria as the only basis upon which Nigeria can remain united despite its diversity and peculiar conditions in which the different tribal groups live in and proffers solutions to the challenges of the practice of . The leaders also were from different major tribes and also wanted a level of power. According to Ayoade (2009:iii): Nigerians have come to identify the first republic 1960- 66 as the golden age of federalism in Nigeria. The fact that these nations chose to adopt a federal system does not prove anything; it does, however, suggest that federalism may help these countries manage the problems that come with ethnic . Nigeria is a plural society of over 250 tongues and tribes. This duplicity of government is not alien to a federal structure as identified, except that in the Nigerian case, there is ineffable strife for dominance. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. 1 Issue 2, BETWEEN THE PRISMS OF NECESSITY AND LEGALITY - THE IPOB PROSCRIPTION IN CONTESTATION_pp.43-57, RE-THINKING BIAFRA IDEOLOGY OF SELF-DETERMINATION IN NIGERIA, A (UN)JUST AND (UN)HOLY WAR? As a heterogeneous state, Nigeria operates a federal structure which accommodates a Central government and sub-national, otherwise, state governments with several other municipal administrations; local government, therefore enabling a tripartite level of governance. x^[YsF~[-`pys)fk"%J hE;}LO *%gH=zoN/oNS~~zb|\U?_s3jJ}ZxhK2&$9|H-&9)q7"|kxN7i,anHiw>&_N~@bdkBs>gIM>z2|1zFDW+1"y-#HCQJmvj4CW5z,#IwHGc&Y"`Sg|2)FQ& p:?WT hQ4M:*|9tKy?c[U(zqfNBA=XCOf~2i6KC@;DGO? /Type /XObject The United States, Canada, India, France and Australia adopted federalism because of the desire for security by the various ethnic units. Other specific reasons for the increasing demand for decentralisation are: Central governments increasingly are finding that it is impossible for them to . This is also one of the reasons for federal system of government in Nigeria. << It was under the 1954 constitution that federal system of government was fully adopted. Federalism in Nigeria can be traced to Sir Frederick Lord Lugard , when the Northern and Southern protectorates were amalgamated in 1914. This embodies ideas of promise, obligation, and undertaking; and consequently, the federal idea draws on collaboration, reciprocity, and mutuality. Power Sharing Formula document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Reasons for the Adoption of Federalism in Nigeria. << In the case of Nigeria - how the oil money will be (in)judiciously dealt with. It submits that the problem with constitutionalism in Nigeria is poor leadership and poor implementation of the Constitution. The regional government had power over matters that are listed under the residual list. It should be noted, however, that the Leagues significantly differ from modern federations in one respect: namely, while the various governments freely interacted, no prosperous direct contact between the populace of the various governments was permitted. We hope to seeing you again on other posts of interest. Is there high propensity or likelihood of exclusion, marginalization and relative deprivation, which was to engender obsessive mutual antagonism? Since a strong bond links the process through which constitutions are produced and their degree of acceptance and effectiveness, questions over the Constitutions legitimacy prompted parliament to amend it in 2010. Nigeria is quite a big country with an area of 923,768 km2. The main goal of the Convention was to revise the Articles of Confederation, the agreement that governed the 13 colonies and was adopted by the Continental Congress on November 15, 1777, shortly after the end of the Revolutionary War . What is federalism? THE THEME OF IMAGERY AND SYMBOLISM IN THE IPOB SECESSIONIST STRUGGLE, Abdul's Assignment on 711 Dr. Usman Mohammed, A nation divided against itself: Biafra and the conflicting online protest discourses, Ethnicity, Political Exclusion and the Resurgence of Separatism in South-Eastern, Nigeria, Hands Behind their backs: Making a case for a region-centred restructuring framework, THE EFFECT OF CRIMINAL INJUSTICE AGAINST EASTERN NIGERIA AND THE DEMAND FOR SELF-DETERMINATION BY IPOB. Government at different periods had set up commissions to advise on the acceptable revenue sharing formula, especially as it affects the three (3) tiers of government. It will schock you to know Nigerias adoption of federalism was also in the interest of the leaders. What a nice article, very educative for students in school, Could you please explain fear of minorities, Could you please explain fear of minorities, Economic factors and Diversities in culture. The fear of marginalization by the minority in a unitary system of government has, to a great extent, influenced the majority state support for federating states. stream Reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria include: 1. By using our site, you agree to our collection of information through the use of cookies. Economic factors in adoption of federalism in Nigeria are not unconnected with the issues of resource control, wealth generation and redistribution, and income distribution. What were the reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria? By and large, it is the nature of the relationship of the federal and state governments that determines whether a state is federal or unitary. It also shows the growth rate as an engine to the development of economies of developing countries like Nigeria in this 21p century. There is no doubt that geographical factored are one of the influential reasons for federalism in Nigeria. 2. However, where there is a conflict of authority between the federal government and regional government, the federal authority supersedes. Policy Brief on the agitation for cessation of Biafra republic from the Nigerian state, response to the agitation and the options to address the issues. In my view, federalism is a good system for Nigeria. We appreciate you. Post-independence creation of states and further division of states created after independence was done as a framework for the development of Nigeria. Very often, the problem has appeared in twofold. Abstract One of the arguments for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria is the desire for economic and political viability and development in a nation of uneven distribution of human and. << 3. REASONS FOR LOW TRADE Historical reasons - India adopted socialist model of economy and policy of import substitution and protectionism till 1990s and civil wars and domestic instability in other countries Poor Connectivity- Due to difficult terrain on borders, poor development of inland waterways, poor border infrastructure like border huts . Also read: Highest paying law firms in Nigeria. The possible reasons for the practice of federalism in Nigeria are several, and have, for instance, been presented as British imposition targeted at a post-colonial relationship, or as a. Notify me of follow-up comments by email. (8 Best Paying Jobs), General consensus among our leaders when seeking independence from Britain. The military were able to create more states because military decrees do not pass the same rigorous method bills pass in a democratic government. The construct of federalism, which originates with the concept of intergovernmental relations, dates back to the Greek civilization. If the desire to remain separate does not exist, the the association will not be federal but unitary with some delegation of powers to local government. Asst. Geographical nearness of the component states to each other and the state network of roads and transportation. This is because most of the power (financial and. Federalism will shape the long-term health and economic impacts of COVID-19, including plans for the future, for at least two reasons: First, federalism exacerbates inequities, as some states have a history of underinvesting in social programs, especially in certain communities. Given the size of Nigeria, it lays claims to being the Giant of Africa. Many nations in the international community recognizes her as such. /Filter /DCTDecode i dont have my first school leaving certificate. Federalism was further adopted because the developed countries from which Nigeria borrowed democracy practice federalism. To avert this domination, states unite to form a strong, virile and stable union capable of withstanding external attacks. In recent times, specifically in post 2015 general election, there have been new waves of agitations for the Biafra republic by both Movement for Actualization of Sovereign State of Biafra and Indigenous People of Biafra on one hand and for Niger Delta republic by Niger Delta Avengers on the other, added to terrorism and militancy that are already threatening Nigeria fragile state. You are welcome dear reader. Required fields are marked *. . Even the masses in the rural areas of the country are allowed to participate in politics by electing their representatives into office. The Emergence of Nigeria as a political entity under colonial rule was not an easy affair. Another major reason why federalism was adopted in Nigeria is the multiple ethnic backgrounds in Nigeria. Thus, federalism is mostly considered a tangible element for coexistence, but much more, I think, as political syrup, for adumbrating potent dislocations inherent in, and symptomatic of pluralist societies. 7 Cooperative federalism was dominant from the 1930s through the 1970s. Rt. Have you ever wondered why Nigeria is practicing a federal system of government and not any other system? This paper explores the issue of unification federalism in Nigeria, which has been an obstacle to peace, development and threats to security .The findings from an extensive reading of related materials suggest that, the root of contemporary political conflict and underdevelopment in Nigeria political landscape shows clearly in the area of Despite that, instead of unity, cooperation and consensus, there has been apparent division, disagreement, and dissension. In developing countries like India, Iraq and Nigeria, federalism has either failed to close developmental gaps and ethno-communal tensions among various states or, more worryingly, in some.

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