vitamin d drops accidentally in eye

vitamin d drops accidentally in eye

The author highlighted clinical information from studies regarding the use of vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin B12, and omega-3 supplements, as well as various other measures that affected individuals can employ to remedy dry eyes. We include products we think are useful for our readers. This data is not used for advertising purposes. Its also important to note that some cases of vitamin D toxicity happened because people took improperly labeled supplements. Possible interactions include: Aluminum. The process by which the body makes vitamin D is complex. In the 2020 case report mentioned earlier, the woman who took an average of 130,000 IU of vitamin D per day for 20 months was also hospitalized for symptoms related to hypercalcemia (11). Pause to confirm the medication name before administering drops. Here are 5 potential benefits of 5-HTP. Registered in England and Wales. But it usually only results in temporary discomfort. This can help prevent other dogs from getting sick. the unsubscribe link in the e-mail. Read on to learn more about what can happen if you get ear drops in your eye and what to do if this happens to you. However, you should get a blood test for 25(OH)D and make sure that you do not have a level above 150 ng/ml. Even though vitamin D toxicity isnt common, you may be at risk if you misuse over the counter vitamin D supplements, prescription vitamin D supplements, or injections. https://naturalmedicines.therapeuticresearch.com. NOTE: Babies need vitamin D for strong bones and teeth. Excess melanin, the protective pigment that gives skin its color, hinders the skin's ability to make vitamin D from sun exposure. The recommended daily amount of vitamin D is 400 international units (IU) for children up to age 12 months, 600 IU for people ages 1 to 70 years, and 800 IU for people over 70 years. When eardrops are accidentally instilled in a patient's eyes, it's usually obvious. Products with trusted sustainability certification(s). The typical recommended daily allowance of vitamin D is 400 to 1,000 IU, with a higher amount (800 to 2,000 IU) recommended for adults at high-risk of osteoporosis, and for older adults. 4 in 1 Complex Formula. 1 Fl Oz (Pack of 1) 4.5 (116) $1699 ($16.99/Fl Oz) $15.29 with Subscribe & Save discount. . Top subscription boxes right to your door, 1996-2023, Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates. The discomfort occurs because eye tissue is more sensitive than the ears. However, taking too much vitamin D in the form of supplements can be harmful. AskMayoExpert. Dr Su S, Doctor (MD) 32,656 Satisfied Customers. Recommendations on optimal vitamin D levels vary, but research suggests that levels between 3060 ng/mL are likely optimal and may help protect against illness and disease (8, 9). Healthline only shows you brands and products that we stand behind. Institute for Safe Medication Practices. appropriate medical assistance immediately. These include (5): Although uncommon, vitamin D toxicity can occur, especially in cases of: Vitamin D toxicity goes by a few other names, including hypervitaminosis D and vitamin D intoxication. Its sometimes recommended to use eye drops in the ears due to limited types of ear medication. People with vitamin D toxicityinduced hypercalcemia commonly have symptoms like confusion, depression, and psychosis. Vitamin D supplements are considered very safe, and toxicity is uncommon. You may find it helpful to take a picture of the pet food label, including the lot number. VDD is associated with an increased risk of common chronic diseases such as bone metabolic disorders, tumors, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes. Eye tissue is much more sensitive than the ears. Another common way that dogs get vitamin D toxicity is after accidentally eating certain chemicals meant to kill rodents like rats and mice, called cholecalciferol rodenticides. He or she will evaluate your dogs signs, ask about what food the dog is eating and whatthe dog might have gotten into, and might take a blood sample to measure levels of calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D or obtain urine to assess kidney function. The liver and the kidneys also participate to make a form of the vitamin that the body can use. I did the exact same thing to my LO and s, The saline drops just went into my LO eyes I put drops of water to try rinse out the eyes is that okay. Vitamin D is an essential nutrient that helps dogs regulate the balance and retention of calcium and phosphorus. Try our Symptom Checker Got any other symptoms? I'd rinse the plain water out with saline drops do the water doesn't irritate his eye. Pay attention to the cap color of your medicated drops. If you have ear drops and eye drops that you use, keep them in different locations rather than right next to each other. Its necessary for the growth and development of your muscle cells, proper functioning of the innate and adaptive immune system, maintenance of the health of your skeletal system, and more (1, 2). Pred Forte; Minims Prednisolone sodium phosphate. @briannarv, wow this is genius lol how have I never thought of it thank you! MONDAY, April 8, 2019 (HealthDay News) -- Vitamin D is the healthy "sunshine" vitamin, but it can have a dark side, one Canadian man discovered. Errors and accidents are frequent with vitamin D supplied in dropper bottles. Vitamin D actually functions as a hormone, and deficiency is incredibly common. This includes cookies enabling subscribers to log in and to access subscriber-only content. It's also likely that a baby may get too much vitamin D when he is given both aqueous vitamin D oral drops and supplemented products, like infant formula or fortified beverages such as milk or juice. You can get vitamin D intoxication if you take a very large dose for a prolonged period of time, or a huge dose for a short period of time. $140.82 / oz. Instead, Jackson added an entire dropper of Vitamin D to each batch, later estimating that the child received 8,000 times . excess fat) Test for a rare allergic reaction to vitamin D before giving high doses. The information on this website is of a general nature and available for educational purposes only and should not be construed as a substitute for advice from a medical professional or health care provider. ", DeVita said, "Vitamin D is necessary for the development and maintenance of strong bones, [but] the take-home message is too much of a good thing is not good.". Since there are about 15 drops per mL that's about . Vitamin A eye drops have also been used in the treatment of many other conditions including: Sebaceous cysts. Instructions indicated using drops to treat an affected eye, which conflicted with correct verbal instructions to use the drops in the ear. Similar to ear drops, eye drops are available both OTC and with a prescription. The .gov means its official.Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Depending on where you live and your lifestyle, vitamin D production might decrease or be completely absent during the winter months. The typical recommendation for adults is 400 - 800 IU daily. What should I do if I think I have taken too much vitamin D? tolling of the bells submarine; keybinds for da hood; For example, you can keep them in their original boxes, store them in different locations, and separate the timing of administration. If it is OK, there is little to panic about. Mayo Clinic on Incontinence - Mayo Clinic Press, NEW The Essential Diabetes Book - Mayo Clinic Press, NEW Ending the Opioid Crisis - Mayo Clinic Press, FREE Mayo Clinic Diet Assessment - Mayo Clinic Press, Mayo Clinic Health Letter - FREE book - Mayo Clinic Press. For adults and older children, getting in the shower to rinse out the eyes may be the easiest way to do this. The symptoms of this condition include redness of eyes, pain, blurry vision and a burning sensation. That was an anxious filled car ride to the doctor's office to find out if I'd have surgery that morning or not. The eye surgeon gave me a few days to use the antibiotic & steroid eye drops. (2019). This article discusses 6 symptoms and side effects related to vitamin D toxicity. Patients quickly know that something is very wrong. If you want to take vitamin D supplements, buy them from reputable manufacturers to reduce the risk of accidental overdose due to improper labeling. This includes separating where youre storing your drops and when youre using them. Hypercalcemia can lead to altered mental status in people with vitamin D toxicity. Most cases of vitamin D toxicity are caused by inappropriate supplement dosing and prescription errors. You'd be surprised how many people accidentally put ear drops in their eyes instead of their ears. GoodRx works to make its website accessible to all, including those with disabilities. According to one study, for every 10 percent increase in body mass index (BMI), a person can expect to have a 4.2 percent drop in blood levels of vitamin D. You have dark skin. These included nausea, vomiting, muscle weakness, and kidney injury. Yet, aside from fatty fish, there are few foods rich in vitamin D. Whats more, most people dont get enough sun exposure to produce adequate vitamin D. So, deficiency is very common. Eye drops and ear drops often come in similar-looking bottles. There is nothing on the Little Remedies' site about what to do if it gets in his eye. Try this today: If you want to know your vitamin D status, talk with your healthcare professional about getting a blood test. How Much Vitamin D Is Too Much? Early decontamination and treatment decrease the risk for . You can get these eye drops without a prescription. A retrospective study demonstrated the increasing prevalence of VDD (28.9 percent) and VDI (41.4 percent) from 2001 to 2010. Cookies from the Vimeo video platform are also essential for users to access video content online on the site, and for Prescrire to anonymously measure traffic for its videos. Depending on the results of a veterinarians examination, he or she will determine the best course of action. And temporary discomfort is the only symptom if treated properly. And next time - read the instructions and if you aren't sure - ask the pharmacist to explain again. If you take large doses of vitamin D, you may experience stomach pain, loss of appetite, constipation, or diarrhea as a result of elevated calcium levels. Which is what matters. 66 cases of overdose were linked to a defect in the . CarePassTM. If youve been taking vitamin D supplements and are experiencing any of the symptoms listed in this article, consult a healthcare professional as soon as possible. Mommy's Bliss Organic Vitamin D Drops, .11 OZ. Low vitamin D and its association with cognitive impairment and dementia. If testing is not needed, contact the company listed on the package for further instructions or throw the products away in a way that children, pets and wildlife cannot access them. Store medicated drops in separate locations. For example, you may have an eye drop that should be taken at night. The service requires full JavaScript support in order to view this website. Register online One kind of treatment is the use of vitamin C (Ascorbic acid). WebMD does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. One woman experienced nausea and weight loss after taking a supplement that was later found to contain 78 times more vitamin D than stated on the label (17). The Prescrire website uses cookies. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you're on a federal government site. Saline is much better in his eye than water!!!!! Designs for Health 2000 IU Vitamin D Drops - Hi-Po Emulsi-D3 Emulsified Vit D3, Highly Concentrated Liquid Vitamin D3 Drops - Bone Health . You won't be making any from sunlight on skin now so the level in your body will start to go down. Even though the containers can look similar, there are a few things you can do to lower the chances that youll mix up eye drops and ear drops: Keep the drops in their original boxes. Other side effects of vitamin D overdose are constipation and abdominal pain. Vitamins D and K are crucial for your health, but some say vitamin D is harmful to those low in vitamin K. Here's a look at the science behind this, Vitamin D is an important nutrient that may also have benefits for weight loss. Mayo Clinic offers appointments in Arizona, Florida and Minnesota and at Mayo Clinic Health System locations. These cookies are necessary for the website to function properly. Lean your head back as far as is comfortable, or lay down on a bed or couch. By providing your email address, you agree to receive emails containing coupons, refill reminders and promotional messages from GoodRx. 296 Servings, Nature's Meal - Vitamin D Drops for Infants, Baby Vitamin D Drops for Immune System, Heart Health, and Bone Health, Liquid Vitamin D with Vitamin D3 400 IU per Serving, Unflavored, 14.5 ml, (2 Pack) Organic Vitamin D3 K2 Drops w MCT Oil Omega 3, 5000 IU, Maximum Strength Vitamin D Liquid 5000 IU, No Fillers, Non-GMO Liquid D3 for Faster Absorption, Immune Support (Strawberry, 2 Fl Oz), Enfamil Enfamom Prenatal Vitamin & Mineral, Supplement for Women with Calcium, Vitamin D, Vitamin C, Omega 3 DHA, 90 softgels (3 month supply). Factors that increase the risk of vitamin D deficiency include (3, 4): Because vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency are common, many people use vitamin D supplements to maintain healthy vitamin D levels. Wellbaby multi vitamin drops contains 30ml per bottle enough for 30 days at the recommended of 05ml taken twice daily . Vision Support + by Nuzena. Accessed Dec. 6, 2020. However, vitamin D toxicity is more likely to develop if you take 40,000 IU/day everyday for 3 months or more. Best with zinc. Review/update the Research on vitamin D use for specific conditions shows: Without vitamin D your bones can become soft, thin and brittle. But if you drank a squirt of it, it could have that vasoconstrictive effect throughout your whole body. And they can be used for several conditions. The eyes tend to be more complex and affected by more conditions than the ears. Taking vitamin D can increase levels of calcium in the blood, and too much calcium can cause side effects. If you take large doses of vitamin D, you may experience stomach pain, loss of appetite . Taking vitamin D and aluminum-containing phosphate binders, which may be used to treat high serum phosphate levels in people with chronic kidney disease, might cause harmful levels of aluminum in people with kidney failure in the long term. We also remind clinicians that vitamin D toxicity may present as hypercalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, and/or renal failure. Bone, Heart, Joint, Muscle Support Supplement. If your bloodwork shows that youre low or deficient in vitamin D, your healthcare professional will recommend an appropriate daily dose to boost your levels. I shouldn't been more accurate, I was instructed to have the intial 5 a day or 3 days, but I mistook the 1 a week for 1 a day, so I've had 13 [1 a day] in the past weeks in stead of 2. These drops are a nutrient solution, and supposedly increase the permeability of the tissues in the eye. For an explanation of the information and level of detail that would be helpful to include in a complaint to the FDA, see How to Report a Pet Food Complaint. If you suspect that the pet food is the source of the excess vitamin D, we welcome case reports, especially those confirmed through diagnostics. Non-GMO & Vegan, Zarbee's Vitamin D Drops for Infants, 400IU (10mcg) Baby & Toddler Liquid Supplement, Newborn & Up, Dropper Syringe Included, 0.47 Fl Oz, Ddrops 1072834 400 IU Liquid Vitamin D3 Drops for Babies, 2.5 ml, 2 Count, Ddrops Organic Baby 400 IU 90 Drops - Daily Vitamin D Liquid for Infants. If your healthcare professional finds that you have a vitamin D deficiency or insufficient vitamin D levels, they will likely recommend a supplement or vitamin D injections. Then later they may notice redness, swelling, or blurred vision. Available as. Here are six important ones. Cholecalciferol is the chemical name for vitamin D3. Infant formula contains vitamin D, but it's not enough for younger babies. When you take large amounts of vitamin D, your liver produces too much of a chemical called 25(OH)D. When your 25(OH)D levels are too high, this can cause high levels of calcium to develop in your blood. Drops may interact to cause burning and watery eyes, which reduces their effectiveness. This content does not have an English version. (2015). Vitamin D deficiency is quite common. Vitamin D is essential for health, but it can be hard to get enough of it from your diet. Eye burns may cause a severe permanent damage. feeling like something is in your eye. So you use a drop or two and it acts on the eye, barely anything is absorbed into the blood, and barely anything makes its way down into your nose/mouth. But it usually doesn't result in serious eye damage. I did the exact same thing to my LO and seems like he didn't even notice. Overview of vitamin D. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Vitamin D toxicity can cause symptoms like confusion, agitation, and unresponsiveness. the most helpful and trustworthy pregnancy and parenting information. And start back up next week. If your child took vitamins without iron and vitamin A, you might be able to care for your child at home. Please enable JavaScript on your browser and try again. People who have levels that fall between 2129 ng/mL are considered to have insufficient vitamin D levels (1). According to the study reported in PubMed Central, called " Dry eye in vitamin D deficiency: more than an incidental association ", it was shown that vitamin D . You will be redirected once the validation is complete. Don't get enough vitamin A (found in foods like carrots, broccoli, and liver) or omega-3 fatty acids (found in fish, walnuts, and vegetable oils) . I just pat dried any extra liquid around his eye and he was still a happy camper. If you buy through links on this page, we may earn a small commission Heres our process. For tips about locating and saving pet food lot code information, see: Save Your Pet Food Lot Number! They immediately complain of burning and stinging. Glaucoma. I used a dropper to put some water in there in an attempt to flush it. The vitamin A eye drop has been used to effectively treat many eye problems including: Blurred vision. privacy practices. Accessed Dec. 6, 2020. val3298. A veterinarian may also continue to monitor blood calcium and phosphorus levels until they return to a healthy baseline. Gold J, et al. Around one hundred cases of overdose were linked to communication failure between adults leading to administration of duplicate doses, to carelessness, to prescription errors, or tofailure to properly understand a prescription. As reported April 8 in the CMAJ (Canadian Medical Association Journal), the man was seen by doctors after he returned from a holiday in Southeast Asia, where he spent much of his time sunbathing. I felt that this might help nutrients and other substances enter the eye and help the situation. Depending on the concentration of the vitamin D in the food, diet-related toxicity tends to develop more gradually over time. If an extra drop accidentally slips out with the more concentrated product (400 units per drop), the infant would get twice as much vitamin D than prescribed. If you reject these cookies, you will not be able to share articles from the Prescrire website via social media. Taken in appropriate doses, vitamin D is generally considered safe. You can use them for earwax removal and to remove foreign objects or irritants from your eyes. When youre finished with a bottle of eye drops or ear drops, make sure to throw the bottle away. He fussed for a moment and then seemed fine but now his eye looks red and irritated. I only today noticed that I've been taking more than I'm supposed to. Increased urination. Cookies from Google Analytics are used to generate anonymous statistics, in order to measure the website's traffic, and to optimise the site's usability, organisation and content. Poison Control. I accidentally got a little of her oral vitamin d supplement in her eye she cried it got red and a little puffy i panicked and called poison control and did as they said flush it i put some breast milk in it as well. or with $35+ orders. include protected health information. The site is secure. In another 2020 case report, a 56-year-old woman who took an average of 130,000 IU of vitamin D per day for 20 months in hopes of improving symptoms of multiple sclerosis was hospitalized for symptoms including nausea, vomiting, and muscle weakness. This is an extract about vitamin D toxicity: "Although most people take vitamin D supplements without any problems, its possible to take too much. Here are 7 incredibly common nutrient deficiencies. It can be helpful to read the name of the medication out loud as you pick up the bottle before your dose. Eye drops are commonly used to treat allergies, glaucoma (elevated eye pressure), and eye infections. Taking eye vitamins can help us to maintain the health of our eyes. Best for smokers. (2006). More than half of the cases involved self-administration by the child. Patient is a UK registered trade mark. Hold the eye drop bottle with your thumb and first two fingers. If you do not have any symptoms, you likely do not have hypercalcemia. Even when taking high dose vitamin D supplements, its unlikely that a healthy persons blood vitamin D levels would come close to reaching excessive or toxic levels. Oz Bottle (Pack of 3), (2 Pack) Vegan Vitamin D3 K2 Drops, Omega 3, Vitamin A - Immune Support, Muscle & Joint Support Supplement - 120mcg K2 Vitamin - Vitamin D Drops - Liquid Vitamin D 5000 IU, Unflavored, 2 Fl Oz, Vegan A-D-K Full Spectrum" Drops for Best Absorption | 5 Drops Contain: 1,507 mcg Micellized A; 5,000 iu D3 "pureshine"; 500mcg vit K2 (MK4) & 180mcg vit K2 (MK7) "MenaQ7" | Tasteless & Odorless, Kids Vitamin D 3 K2 Drops | Vitamin D3 & K2 MK-7 | Liquid Vitamin D for Kids 1000 IU | Healthy Bones, Heart & Immune System | Sugar Free Supplement for Toddlers | Non-GMO | Unflavored | 300 Servings, Mommy's Bliss Organic Drops No Artificial Color, Vitamin D, 0.11 Fl Oz, USDA Organic Vitamin D3 Liquid Drops for Kids by MaryRuth's | 640 IU Vitamin D3 Per Serving | Kids Immune Support & Bone Health Supplement | Formulated for Ages 4-13 | 0.5oz, Go Nutrients Liquid Vitamin D3 with K2 (MK-7) Drops - Vitamin D Liquid Vitamins with K2, Vitamin D3 and K2 Liquid Vitamin Drops That Help Emotional State, Help Bones, Teeth & Natural Resistance, 1oz, Garden of Life Vitamin D3 Liquid 1000 IU Per Spray, Vegan D3 Vitamin for Women and Men, Mykind Organic D3 Plus Omegas - Vanilla Flavor - 125 Servings - 2 fl oz Liquid Whole Food D3 Vitamin Supplement. The common causes of the dry eye syndrome include ageing, allergies and eye fatigue. The only way to tell if youre insufficient or deficient is to have a healthcare professional test your vitamin D levels. 2017; doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0170665. The totals from all sources can add up quickly. If no, you likely do not have hypercalcemia and are not toxic. Even though toxicity is unlikely if you keep your daily intake levels below 10,000 IU per day and avoid excessively high intakes of vitamin D supplements, experts recommend that people with typical vitamin D levels do not exceed 4,000 IU of vitamin D per day (12). This means you might accidentally put ear drops in your eye, or eye drops in your ear. Heart rhythm . 2005-2023 Healthline Media a Red Ventures Company. Office of Dietary Supplements. 3. In a 2010 alert about vitamin D overdoses, FDA recommended that manufacturers standardize infant drops at 400 units per mL. Our clinical information meets the standards set by the NHS in their Standard for Creating Health Content guidance. Saline drops would be a potential alternative to stronger ear medications like carbamide peroxide (Debrox). Accessed Dec. 11, 2020. Some also contains ingredients that help with swelling. Trademarks, brands, logos, and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. Animal Health Literacy, Recalls, Market Withdrawals and Safety Alerts, Dog Food Products Recalled for Excessive Vitamin D. Check the label/google the brand - mine specifically says if you give two drops by mistake not to worry - just skip the next day. He's a clinical fellow in home dialysis at Toronto General Hospital and the University of Toronto. To provide you with the most relevant and helpful information, and understand which Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin, so unlike water-soluble vitamins, when a dog - or other animal - gets too much, the excess is not rapidly excreted in his or her urine. I would think you'll be OK. Accidentally placing ear drops in your eyes is a common mistake. Her vitamin D levels were discovered to be 265 ng/mL (11). . It's also a powerful antioxidant that helps protect the body from common eye and skin diseasesthat's why it's used as a supplement for people with Vitamin D deficiency. Read box instructions carefully 400 IU = 1 drop Put vitamin D up high or locked away from children. Have A Little Sunshine with Vitamin D Drops. Sold and shipped by Carlson. Regular large supplements of vitaminD should be avoided in children less than 12months old. explain your mistake and ask if they think you should have your vit D level checked. When purchased online. Now, youll enjoy a streamlined experience created specifically for healthcare providers. This is because having too much vitamin D in the body can lead to high levels of calcium, which can lead to water loss through too much urination and calcification of the kidneys (21). It's possible to accidentally overdose infants with liquid vitamin D by simply using the wrong-sized dropper. The #1 app for tracking pregnancy and baby growth. Taking too much vitamin D may result in excessive absorption of calcium, which can cause several potentially dangerous symptoms. In fact, this is one of its most important roles. Vitamin D is fat-soluble, which means your body has a hard time getting rid of it if you take too much. Maternal supplementation may better ensure adequate intake for both mother and baby as studies also show a higher preference for this method. In 70 cases, eye exposure to vitamin D was accidental, resulting from mishandling during oral administration. Also called. D-drops in eye :(: I feel like an awesome mum right now. After thoroughly rinsing the eyes, consider calling the Poison Control Center at 1-800-222-1222 or seeking medical care if irritation or discomfort persists. Just read the symtoms and be aware. These can include ear infections, ear wax removal, and swimmers ear. It occurs naturally in food and your body can also produce it when your skin is exposed to sunlight. I flushed it with warm water and he is acting normal, even giggled when getting water in his eye. But you should always check with your healthcare provider before doing this. Serotonin-producing 5-HTP supplements have become increasingly popular for their variety of health benefits. They can let you know if your child should go to an emergency room for immediate care. Most often, the child had taken the bottle and drunk the solution, or had given it to a younger child to drink. However, its important to avoid taking high dose vitamin D supplements, except with the guidance of a healthcare professional. He of course moved and the drops got in his eye. This study will compare between subconjunctival topical and/or systemic route of administration and topical and/or systemic administration. There are many benefits of vitamin A eye drops. (n.d.). If you are still really worried, go to your GP. Patient does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Keep your eyes closed. www.naturaleyecare.com is using a security service for protection against online attacks. This is why insufficient or deficient levels of vitamin D may increase your risk of disease and infection, bone demineralization, and many other negative health outcomes (2, 3). I thought I was meant to take the tablets 5 a day for 3 days and then one a day after, I read ther hbox nearly two weeks later and it says once a week, which means I've had way too many. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely. You've got gut issues. Remember that your eyes, sinus, and nose are all pretty much connected. High blood calcium is a condition called hypercalcemia. Vitamin D intoxication involves some specific and nonspecific symptoms: Confusion. Healthcare professionals may recommend people who are very low in vitamin D take very high weekly doses of 50,000 IU for 8 weeks, followed by a maintenance dose of 2,000 IU per day after their levels reach 30 ng/mL (3). In fact, estimates suggest that about 1 billion people worldwide are deficient in vitamin D, while 50% of people may have levels insufficient to maintain optimal health (2, 3).

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